A Chrono-log Of Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan Series |
A Chrono-log Of Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan Series |
- The works and life of Edgar Rice Burroughs in the nonfictional state.
- The fictional works of Edgar Rice Burroughs formed into a 'Burroughs Universe' in an alternate earth, a different dimension, etc., etc., etc., but it is definitely not the earth that we know.
- Placing Edgar Rice Burroughs' fictional works into a chronological form as if the events occurred here on this Earth as we know it.
The All-Story |
J. Allen St. John |
Neal Adams |
Tarzan Alive |
Tarzan Alive |
At that time I was a teenager living in Elk Park, NC and I thought, "wouldn't it be a great thing to take Tarzan Alive and correct Phil's misdirections, and present a more Burroughs-friendly Tarzan chronology based on the information provided throughout the series. Armed with my vast Tarzan series knowledge, the Tarzan books, the ERB fanzines, and Tarzan Alive I set out to make events occur closer to the author's provided information. My biggest problem was that after three years of hard work I could not produce a Tarzan chronology that agreed with the information provided throughout the Tarzan series.
Tarzan Alive |
Edgar Rice Burroughs |
This is what I found wrong with the 1888 chronology.
- When it comes time to insert Jungle Tales Of Tarzan into Tarzan Of The Apes the 1888 chronology does not allow the amount of time needed for Jungle Tales Of Tarzan to occur naturally.
- The events of Tarzan Rescues The Moon could not have happened since it contains a description of a total lunar eclipse, something which could not be seen from equatorial Africa anytime from 1907 through 1909.
- If the jungle lord was born in 1888 as Tarzan Of The Apes says, at its end, the ape-man is twenty years old, so the year would be 1908. If The Return Of Tarzan last approximately two years, as all researchers agree, the year would be 1910. If you allow one year for the conception and birth of Jack Clayton/Korak we are now in the year 1911. Yet, Jack Clayton/Korak was fully grown in 1914 and fighting in W.W. I.
- In The Son Of Tarzan, it is plainly stated Jack/Korak is ten years old at its beginning so the year would be 1921. If The Son Of Tarzan begins in the year 1921 how could Burroughs begin writing the story on January 21, 1915, if the events have not yet occurred?
Tarzan Alive |
Jungle Tales Of Tarzan |
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Personally, I can not accept the fact that there was no lunar eclipse when Burroughs clearly describes one. I can not accept the fact that Jack Clayton and Korak are not the same person when Burroughs clearly describes that they are. I can not accept the fact that the events in The Son Of Tarzan did not happen when Burroughs clearly wrote that they did. How can anyone call the 1888 chronology a Burroughs agreeing chronology if it can not pass those tests?
The Son Of Tarzan |
J. Allen St. John |
Jungle Tales Of Tarzan |
- Alan's chronology shows that on June 6, 1907, Teeka chooses Taug over Tarzan for a mate. In Burroughs' works, this love triangle is described as old playmates just coming into puberty. It is the first time that the ape-man noticed Teeka as anything but a play mate. There is no evidence that Taug and Teeka had anything going or the jungle lord would not have been interested. Using the same reasoning, if Teeka had something going on with another bull Tarzan and Taug would not be in competition over her. Alan goes on to say that the ape-man notices Teeka's new bulu on September 13, 1907. That is a span of 119 days from the time that Tarzan and Taug courted Teeka.
J. Allen St. John |
- The gestation period of a gorilla is two hundred sixty-five days which is most likely the same as the Mangani, or at least close. Now looking at Alan's dating there are only two things possible.
- Either Taug and Tarzan were competing over someone else's pregnant she, or...
- Alan did not allow sufficient time in his chronicles for this event to occur.
Jungle Tales Of Tarzan |
- It seems while Alan was forming his Jungle Tales Of Tarzan chronology he did not keep in mind the growth of Gazan as a timetable. Alan implies that Gazan was born on September 13, 1907 and that Tibo was kidnapped by Tarzan on November 13, 1907. This is a passage of sixty-one days. Yet when Tibo is kidnapped Burroughs plainly describes Gazan as 'little balu', no longer as 'tiny balu', or 'Teeka's baby'. Burroughs also says, "Just now the apeling was developing those arboreal tendencies which were to stand him in such good stead during the years of his youth when rapid flight into the upper terraces was far more importance and value than his undeveloped muscles and untrained fighting fangs." ERB-Jungle Tales Of Tarzan.
Jungle Tales Of Tarzan |
- Assuming the Mangani and gorillas are basically on the same evolutionary scale, we can closely measure the time passage of Gazan's growth. According to Dian Fossey, author of Gorilla's In The Mist, 1893, "By the fourth month, the baby was able to totter away from the mother for a distance up to ten feet, though most gorilla infants remain within arms reach - some six feet - of their mothers until about six months old." By Burroughs' description, Gazan is easily six months old, but in Alan's chronology, the balu is only two months old. Once again Alan has not allowed efficient time passage in his chronology.
Gorillas In The Mist |
- Alan's chronology shows that after Tarzan kidnapped Tibo, the native boy was reunited with his mother on November 27, 1907. Sorry, but my research just does not allow me to accept that. Burroughs states, "Momaya shivered as from a cold wind of the rainy season." ERB-Jungle Tales Of Tarzan. From this statement, we know the events are certainly not occurring during the rainy season. In Angola, the rainy season is October through May and it is very hot. The dry season begins at the end of June and runs through September and is cool. If you will note Alan's date lies in the rainy season, and it should be during the dry season.
.J. Allen St. John |
- On February 14, 1908, Alan says Numa kills a mother ape and Tarzan steals her body. At that time Burroughs informs us that the ape-man's kingship will come in 'later years.' Alan's chronology shows Tarzan will be king in less than three months from that date.
- In Alan's chronology, he states that Toog kidnapped Teeka on March 30, 1908. This would make Gazan six months old by Alan's account. Burroughs describes Gazan as 'young balu', 'little Gazan', and 'young ape'. According to Diane Fossey, Gorilla's In The Mist, "Only when the newborn was nine months old had it developed into an active and socially inclined baby." Remember, just a moment ago we showed that a six-month-old only strayed feet from its mother. Burroughs described Gazan as much older than Alan is implying. My ERB-APA buddy is again guilty of trying to shorten the time span in Jungle Tales Of Tarzan.
Gorillas In The Mist |
- If Toog kidnapped Teeka on March 30, as Alan implies, this would make Tarzan nineteen years, seven months, and fifteen days old. (Check my math on this one). Burroughs tells us twice in chapter 10 of Jungle Tales Of Tarzan that the ape-man is twenty years old when this event occurs. "On the floor lay the skeleton of a man - all that remained of the former Lord Greystoke - lay as it had fallen some twenty years before when Kerchak, the great ape, had thrown it, lifeless, there." ERB-Jungle Tales Of Tarzan. "He did not know that the dead father of Tarzan of the Apes, reaching back out of the past across a span of twenty years, had saved his son's life." ERB-Jungle Tales Of Tarzan.
Tarzan Of The Apes |
- When it comes to Tarzan Rescues The Moon, Alan tries a new approach to an old problem. In Phil Farmer's 1888 chronology he had to admit that the events could not occur as described by Burroughs, since it contains a description of a total lunar eclipse, something which could not be seen in equatorial Africa anytime from 1907 through 1909. Alan, side steps this age-old problem by saying Burroughs was not describing a lunar eclipse but merely a solitary cloud, slowly moving through an otherwise clear sky that obscured the moon on the night of the rescue. Please Alan get real. Burroughs plainly writes after Tarzan shoots his arrows at the moon, "the moon was gradually emerging from whatever had devoured her, whether it was Numa, the lion, or the shadow of the earth." ERB-Jungle Tales Of Tarzan.
- As pointed out above Burroughs has given two descriptions that Tarzan is twenty years old when the rescuing of the moon occurs. Despite these passages that Alan is very aware of, he has gone ahead and inserted his unfriendly Burroughs date making the ape-man slightly over nineteen and one half years old when Tarzan rescues the moon. (By the way, just between me and you, Tarzan rescued the moon on November 4, 1892.)
- In Alan's Tarzan Chrono-log he says Tarzan defeats Terkoz on January 22, 1909. That is a total of twelve days before the writing of Jane's letter. Burroughs describes the events occurring ten days before Tarzan kills Mirando which is one day before the writing of Jane's letter which is dated February 3 (?), for a total of eleven days.
- When Tarzan rescues Jane and Esmeralda from Sabor, the lioness Burroughs tells us three more times that Tarzan is twenty years old at the time the events occur. "Little did John Clayton imagine when he fashioned that crude but mighty portal that one day, twenty years later, it would shield a fair American girl, then unborn, from the teeth and talons of a man-eater." ERB-Tarzan Of The Apes. The following morning when the Porter party bury the bones of John and Alice Clayton the statement is made, "When the grave had been filled with earth the little party turned back toward the cabin, and Esmeralda, still weeping copiously for the two she had never heard of before today, and who had been dead twenty years, chanced to glance toward the harbor." ERB-Tarzan Of The Apes. That night Jane writes a letter to Hazel Strong and the statement is made, "Within the little building a light was burning, for Clayton had found an unopened tin of oil which had stood intact for twenty years, a part of the supplies left with the Clayton's by Black Michael." ERB-Tarzan Of The Apes. Despite these three Burroughs-provided references Alan's chronology shows Tarzan is nineteen and one-half years old when these events occur.
Zdenek Burian |
About The Author
James Michael Moody is a lifelong fan and collector of Edger Rice Burroughs. Moody has contributed over two hundred articles to various ERB-related fanzines, over a span of forty-five years. He also manages an unauthorized Tarzan blog titled, Greystoke Chronologist: James Michael Moody. There the researcher chronologies the Tarzan books starting in May 1872 (known as the pushback theory). instead of the more excepted date May 1888.
James Michael Moody is also the author of the action-packed Sci-Fi fantasy adventure Unium series. Pioneers On Unium, published December 31, 2019, and Exiled On Unium, published August 25, 2022. Swordsman On Unium is going through the publishing process.
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