In a chronological way of thinking, The Return Of Tarzan does not begin with chapter one, but actually, chapter twelve of Tarzan Of The Apes. Here we have the Porters, William Cecil Clayton, and Tarzan at the railway station in northern Wisconsin. The date is August 22, 1893, according to my 1872 chronology printed in ERB-APA #39. At this point, Jane has chosen William Cecil Clayton over Tarzan, and the group is getting ready to disperse. At the last minute, Tarzan has decided not to train with the others, but instead, drive his car back to New York and then return to France. The Porters' along with William Cecil are on their way back to Baltimore, Maryland.
N.C. Wyeth
Chapter twelve then goes on to describe Jane and William Cecil's affairs which cover quite a span of time. The next thing we learn about the ape-man is that he is now twenty-two years old, he has taken the name Jean C. Tarzan, and he is on board a French ship bound for France three days out of New York. This is when the ape-man met the forty-year-old, Count Raoul de Coude, and his twenty-year-old wife, Countess Olga de Coude.
N.C. Wyeth
This is also a point where the 1872 chronology takes one of its five punches in the nose. The Countess de Coude makes the statement, "Oh, nothing at all my dear. I was but recalling with admiration those stupendous skyscrapers, as they call them, of New York." ERB-The Return Of Tarzan. The oldest skyscraper in New York City is the twenty-one-story Flatiron Building on Twenty-third Street where Broadway crosses Fifth Avenue. Completed in 1902, it was built in the shape of a triangle.
New-Story Magazine |
This is purely speculation on my part, but after John Carter's great-nephew returned to America he somehow or another met Edgar Rice Burroughs, the author, from Chicago, IL. Since ERB, the author, began writing Tarzan Of The Apes on December 1, 1911, we know that the meeting occurs before that date. Also in December 1907, there are records that show ERB, the author, obtained four books from local book dealers and public libraries that could have been referenced for Tarzan Of The Apes. Therefore, ERB, the author, and Tarzan's meeting probably occurred just prior to that event, in Chicago.
Tarzan Of The Apes |
When the two wrote these adventure science fiction stories they did it in such a manner as to protect those person's identity involved. John Carter's great-nephew allowed his great uncle's journal to be used by ERB, the author, to produce a more fictionalized, characters-protected manuscript that saw print as Under The Moons Of Mars. John Carter's great-nephew provided ERB, the author, with his personal notes about the manuscript he was allowed to read in England that occurred between 1243 and 1264. ERB, the author's, more fictionalized, characters protected, the second manuscript eventually saw print as The Outlaw Of Torn. The third adventure science fiction manuscript was published as Tarzan Of The Apes, This story was much different than the preceding two.
Under The Moons Of Mars |
Bob Abbett
When John Carter's great-nephew, the narrator, agreed to let ERB, the author, pin Tarzan Of The Apes, The Return Of Tarzan, The Beasts Of Tarzan, Tarzan And The Jewels Of Opar, and Jungle Tales Of Tarzan it was agreed that ERB, the author, would take steps to protect the true Greystoke's identity. Keeping his part of the bargain ERB, the author, modernized the story by sixteen years, added obvious contradictions, added his true life experiences, etc. Thus, you have the false sailing date of 1888. The false 1908 date on Jane's letter, the false description of gas-powered automobiles, and the purposeful mentioning of skyscrapers and limousines.
Edmund Monroe Jr.
If you will note, these five contradictions are due to modernization. Not one of the five has an actual bearing on the stories themselves. Besides these minor discrepancies, Tarzan's 1872 birth date runs hand in hand with ERB's provided information. Using Tarzan Of The Apes provided 1888 date you can accept the modernization, but the lunar eclipse in The Jungle Tales Of Tarzan does not occur, Korak is not Tarzan's son, The Son Of Tarzan is pinned years before the events take place, and the list goes on and on. These are major alterations that change ERB's presented story greatly.
One of the lighter subjects about The Return Of Tarzan often overlooked is the name the civilized Tarzan first took. In Tarzan Of The Apes, ERB calls the ape-man Tarzan even after he left Africa. In The Return Of Tarzan, we find that the ape-man took the name, Jean C. Tarzan. This name was most likely taken by Tarzan as D'Arnot and the jungle lord walked to civilization. We know Tarzan was definitely going by that name when he arrived in northern Wisconsin. The reason I say this is because in chapter thirteen of The Return Of Tarzan while Jane and Hazel are going through pictures the two discover John Caldwell and Tarzan are the same person. Jane says, "Tarzan of the Apes took the name Jean C, Tarzan." Jane has not seen the ape-man since the train station in northern Wisconsin, so therefore, he had to be using the name there for her to know it.
Bob Abbett
There is also the subject of Lord Tennington's yacht which is named the Lady Alice. Remember? Alice is Tarzan's mother's name and William Cecil's aunt's. Note that Tennington is English, in the House of Lords, from London, his yacht's name is the Lady Alice, and he is chums with William Cecil. Is it possible Tennington is kin to the Claytons?
Thomas Yeates |
Al Anderson |
The Return Of Tarzan |
Walpole Champney |
Daryl Mandryk |
Neal Adams
You also have the duel between Tarzan and Count de Coude. When was dueling outlawed in France? Does that date best support the 1894 theory, or the 1910 theory?
Harry Wooly |
Harry Wooly |
Joe Kubert
The last question is about Tarzan's age at the beginning and end of The Return Of Tarzan. Actually, The Return Of Tarzan is one of the easiest to deduct. At the beginning of The Return Of Tarzan, we are informed. "He tried to look forward with pleasurable sensations to his return to the jungle of his birth and boyhood; the cruel, fierce jungle in which he had spent twenty of his twenty-two years." ERB-The Return Of Tarzan. We know that from this passage Tarzan is twenty-two years old when he is three days out of New York.
The Return Of Tarzan |
Bob Eggleton
The same French warship from Tarzan Of The Apes discovers the Porters a second time. Upon first thought, I imagined after the mutineers dumped the Porter party they eventually sailed north along the African coastline. While in French, or international waters, the warship tried to make contact with the mutineers. The mutineers panicked and fled back south towards Portuguese Angola at full sail. The French warship in pursuit suspected they were slave runners. Under those circumstances, I could see the French entering Portuguese waters. When the French captured the mutineers they learned about the Porter party. Now the French Navy had a legitimate reason to beach on Portuguese Angolian soil.
The Arrow |
The Lady Alice |
About The Author
James Michael Moody is a lifelong fan and collector of Edger Rice Burroughs. Moody has contributed over two hundred articles to various ERB-related fanzines, over a span of forty-five years. He also manages an unauthorized Tarzan blog titled, Greystoke Chronologist: James Michael Moody. There the researcher chronologies the Tarzan books starting in May 1872 (known as the pushback theory).instead of the more excepted date May 1888.
James Michael Moody is also the author of the action-packed Sci-Fi fantasy adventure Unium series. Pioneers On Unium, published December 31, 2019, and Exiled On Unium, published August 25, 2022. Swordsman On Unium is going through the publishing process.
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